DETERMINANTS OF THE INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT SURVEY AND ITS IMPACT ON REDUCING THE GINI COEFFICIENT AND POVERTY IN INDONESIA
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effects of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), inflation, the Human Development Index (HDI), and the implementation of ISO 37001 on the Integrity Assessment Survey (Survei Penilaian Integritas/SPI), as well as to examine the impact of SPI on the Gini Ratio and poverty levels across 20 provinces in Indonesia during the 2015–2024 period. Using a quantitative approach with panel data regression and the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) as the best estimation model, this study investigates whether economic, governance, and psychosocial factors can serve as determinants of integrity and contribute to reducing corruption. The results indicate that GRDP, FDI, inflation, HDI, and ISO 37001 simultaneously have a significant effect on the Integrity Assessment Survey. Partially, each variable exhibits a different level of influence on SPI, reflecting the diverse economic and governance characteristics of each province. Furthermore, the Integrity Assessment Survey is found to have a significant effect on both the Gini Ratio and poverty levels. This study makes an important theoretical contribution by extending the conventional political-economic approach to corruption studies through the inclusion of psychosocial factors. Practically, the findings provide valuable insights for policymakers in formulating anti-corruption strategies that emphasize improvements in people's quality of life. In essence, creating a prosperous and happy society is not only an objective of development but also a fundamental prerequisite for establishing clean, transparent, and trustworthy governance.
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