Psychosocial Risk Factors and Work Stress among Hospital Healthcare Workers
Main Article Content
Abstract
Work stress among hospital healthcare workers is a significant occupational health issue that affects psychological well-being and healthcare service quality. Hospital work environments are characterized by high job demands, time pressure, emotional responsibilities, and complex organizational systems that increase exposure to psychosocial risks. This study aimed to analyze psychosocial risk factors associated with work stress among hospital healthcare workers. A systematic literature review using a PRISMA-based approach was conducted by analyzing 28 primary research articles published between 2019 and 2024 retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The findings indicate that high workload, time pressure, role conflict, role ambiguity, and low organizational support are the most consistent psychosocial risk factors contributing to increased work stress. In contrast, social and organizational support, adaptive coping strategies, and individual resilience function as protective factors that reduce stress levels. These findings highlight that work stress among hospital healthcare workers is primarily shaped by the interaction between job demands and job resources as described in the Job Demands–Resources model. Therefore, organizational-level psychosocial risk management strategies, including workload regulation, supportive leadership, and strengthening institutional support systems, are essential to improve healthcare workers’ psychological well-being and maintain hospital service quality.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Algunmeeyn, A., El-Dahiyat, F., Altakhineh, M. M., Azab, M., & Babar, Z. (2020). Understanding the factors influencing healthcare providers’ burnout during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Jordanian hospitals. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 13(1), 53–61.
Al Maqbali, M., Al Sinani, M., & Al-Lenjawi, B. (2022). Prevalence of occupational stress among nurses and the role of organizational support in reducing job stress. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(3), 720–728.
Al Sabei, S. D., Labrague, L. J., Al-Rawajfah, O., AbuAlRub, R., Burney, I. A., & AlMaskari, M. (2024). Work environment characteristics and job stress among nurses: A cross-sectional study in Oman. International Nursing Review, 71(1), 85–94.
Babapour, J., Ghassemi, A., & Khosravi, Z. (2022). The relationship between workload and quality of life among nurses in general hospitals. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 27(4), 255–262.
Brown, C., Patel, M., & Johnson, L. (2022). Organizational support and emotional distress among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(6), 1485–1494.
Chatzittofis, A., Constantinidou, A., Artemiadis, A., Michailidou, K., & Karanikola, M. (2023). The role of job demands and coping strategies in occupational stress among healthcare professionals. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), 412–421.
De Kock, J. H., Latham, H. A., Leslie, S. J., Grindle, M., Munoz, S.-A., Ellis, L., & Polson, R. (2021). A rapid review of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers: Implications for supporting psychological well-being. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 104–118.
Fitriyani, R., Sari, D., & Wulandari, N. (2020). Hubungan stres kerja dengan burnout pada perawat rumah sakit di Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 15(2), 87–96.
Gynning, E., Pettersson, H., & Larsson, M. (2024). Job demands–resources and well being among European healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Public Health, 34(2), 210–219.
Hoedl, M., Bauer, S., & Eglseer, D. (2021). Work stress and mental health among healthcare workers during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Austria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 7847–7855.
Hu, D., Kong, Y., Li, W., Han, Q., Zhang, X., Zhu, L. X., Wan, S. W., Liu, Z., Shen, Q., Yang, J., He, H. G., & Zhu, J. (2021). Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety,depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 566578.
International Labour Organization. (2021). Psychosocial risks and stress at work: Policy
brief. Geneva: ILO.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Profil kesehatan Indonesia tahun
Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Laporan nasional Riskesdas 2021. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Kim, S., Lee, J., & Park, H. (2023). Role ambiguity, interpersonal relationships, and occupational stress among Korean nurses. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 118–127.
Labrague, L. J., & De los Santos, J. A. A. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety among frontline nurses: Predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(7), 1653–1661.
Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976.
Lorente, L., Vera, M., & Peiró, J. (2021). Nurses’ stressors and psychological well-being during COVID-19: The mediating role of coping and resilience. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 624.
Marbun, M., Simanjuntak, D., & Manurung, R. (2021). Karakteristik individu dan beban kerja terhadap stres kerja perawat rumah sakit pemerintah. Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia, 9(1), 44–53.
Nasution, S., Rahma, N., & Fadilah, R. (2019). Beban kerja dan dukungan sosial terhadap stres kerja pada staf administrasi rumah sakit. Jurnal Psikologi dan Kesehatan Kerja, 8(2), 75–84.
Norful, A., Rosenfeld, A., & Kim, S. (2024). Work-life balance, organizational support, and stress reduction among healthcare workers across 13 countries. Global Health Research and Policy, 9(1), 32–45.
Putri, A., & Nugraha, P. (2022). Pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap stres kerja dan kepuasan kerja perawat di rumah sakit swasta Jakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 17(3), 133–141.
Rachmawati, D., & Wardhani, S. (2020). Tuntutan kerja dan dukungan organisasi terhadap stres kerja pada tenaga kesehatan RS rujukan COVID-19. Jurnal Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia, 6(2), 99–108.
Ramdan, I., & Sari, L. (2021). Prevalensi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan stres kerja pada tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 20(1), 42–51.
Rohita, A., Widyasari, E., & Fitria, D. (2023). Konflik peran dan dukungan sosial terhadap stres kerja tenaga kesehatan. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 22(2), 128–137.
Salari, N., Khazaie, H., Hosseinian-Far, A., Ghasemi, H., Mohammadi, M., Shohaimi, S., Daneshkhah, A., Khaledi-Paveh, B., & Hosseinian-Far, M. (2022). The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within frontline healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 18(1), 21–35.
Şahin, M. K., Aker, S., Şahin, G., & Karabekiroğlu, A. (2021). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, distress and insomnia and related factors in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Journal of Community Health, 46(5), 927–936.
Spoorthy, M. S., Pratapa, S. K., & Mahant, S. (2020). Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A review. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102119.
Suhartono, B., Pramesti, I., & Handayani, D. (2023). Faktor psikososial kerja dan stres pada tenaga kesehatan rumah sakit di Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 18(1), 27–38.
World Health Organization. (2020). Occupational health: Stress at the workplace. Geneva: WHO.
World Health Organization. (2022). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during COVID-19 outbreak. Geneva: WHO.
Zhang, Y., Wang, C., Pan, W., Zheng, J., Gao, J., Huang, X., Cai, S., Zhai, Y., Latour, J. M., & Zhu, C. (2020). Stress, burnout, and coping strategies of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan and Shanghai, China. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 565520.